定语从句修饰名词或代词(先行词),由关系词引导,初中阶段主要掌握关系代词 who/that/which 和关系副词 when/where。
要点讲解
- 关系代词:who 指人(作主语/宾语);which 指物;that 指人/物皆可;whose 表示所属(谁的)。
- 关系副词:when 指时间(先行词是 time/day 等);where 指地点(先行词是 place/school 等);why 指原因(先行词是 reason)。
- 关系代词作主语时不能省略:The man who is standing there is my uncle. 站在那里的男人是我叔叔。
- 关系代词作宾语时可省略:The book(which/that)I read yesterday is interesting. 我昨天读的书很有趣。
- 只用 that 的情况:先行词是 all, everything, nothing, anything 等不定代词,或先行词被序数词、最高级、the only, the very 修饰:This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。
- 只用 which/who 的情况:介词提前:The room in which we live is big. 我们住的房间很大。
- 先行词是人+物混合时用 that:I like the people and the places that I visited. 我喜欢我参观过的人和地方。
- whose + 名词:The boy whose father is a doctor is my friend. 那个爸爸是医生的男孩是我朋友。
经典例句
- The woman who teaches us English is very kind.
教我们英语的那位女士很和蔼。 - This is the school where I studied three years ago.
这是我三年前学习的学校。 - I will never forget the day when I joined the army.
我永远不会忘记参军的那一天。
易错提醒
- 关系代词作宾语可省略、作主语不可省略;先行词为不定代词/被最高级序数词修饰时只能用 that。