宾语从句在句中作宾语,由 that、whether/if、疑问词引导,注意语序和时态。
要点讲解
- 引导词:that(陈述句,可省略);if/whether(一般疑问句,是否);疑问词(特殊疑问句)。
- 语序:宾语从句必须用陈述语序(主语+谓语):I don't know where he lives. 我不知道他住在哪里。(不是 where does he live)
- 时态:主句现在时,从句根据需要用时态;主句过去时,从句用相应的过去时态:He said he was a teacher.
- 客观真理永远用一般现在时:The teacher said the earth goes around the sun. 老师说地球绕太阳转。
- if/whether 的区别:whether 可与 or not 连用、可用于介词后,if 不能。
- 特殊疑问词+不定式 = 宾语从句:I don't know what to do. = I don't know what I should do.
- 主句是 think/believe 等,否定前移:I don't think he is right. 我认为他不对。
- 主句是 Could you tell me...? 表示委婉请求,从句时态按实际:Could you tell me where the station is?
经典例句
- She asked me if I had finished my homework.
她问我是否完成了作业。 - Do you know when the meeting will begin?
你知道会议什么时候开始吗? - I think(that)English is very useful.
我认为英语很有用。
易错提醒
- 宾语从句三要素:引导词(连接词)、语序(陈述语序)、时态(主过从过、真理不变)。