宾语从句是初中句法的重点,抓住三要素:引导词、语序、时态。口诀:宾语从句三件事,引导语序和时态。
顺口溜记忆
- 宾语从句三要素,引导语序和时态
- 陈述句 that 引导,that 可以省略掉
- 特殊疑问词引导,从句用陈述语序
- 一般疑问变从句,if、whether 来引导
- 主句过去从句变,客观真理不变
要点讲解
- 引导词:陈述句用 that(可省);特殊疑问句用疑问词(what, where, when...);一般疑问句用 if/whether
- 语序:从句一律用陈述语序(主语在前):I don't know where he lives.(不能说 where does he live)
- 时态:主句一般现在时,从句根据需要;主句一般过去时,从句用相应过去时
- 客观真理永远用一般现在时:The teacher said the earth goes around the sun.
- whether 与 if 区别:介词后、句首、与 or not 连用时用 whether
例句解析
- I think (that) he is right. 我认为他是对的。
- Do you know where she lives? 你知道她住在哪里吗?
- He asked me if/whether I could help him. 他问我是否能帮他。
- She said she would come the next day. 她说她第二天会来。
易错提醒
- 从句语序是最大考点:疑问词引导的从句必须用陈述语序(主+谓),如 I don't know what his name is. 不能说 what is his name。