被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。一般现在时的被动语态是 am/is/are + 过去分词。
要点讲解
- 结构：am/is/are + 及物动词的过去分词（by + 动作执行者）。
- 用法：不知道动作执行者或不必说明执行者时用被动：English is spoken in many countries. 许多国家说英语。
- 主动变被动：主动句宾语变被动句主语；主动句主语变 by 短语；动词变过去分词。
- 被动语态中 by 短语可以省略：The room is cleaned every day.（不必说 by whom）
- 注意时态：一般现在时的被动即 am/is/are + done：These books are written in English. 这些书是用英语写的。
- 不及物动词没有被动语态：happen, take place, appear, belong to 等。
- 感官动词、使役动词的被动：主动省 to，被动加 to：We made him work. → He was made to work.
经典例句
- Rice is grown in the south of China.
中国南方种植水稻。 - The classroom is cleaned by the students every day.
教室每天由学生们打扫。 - English is widely used in the world.
英语在世界上被广泛使用。
易错提醒
- 被动语态结构必记：be + 过去分词；be 随时态和主语变化，过去分词不变。